Iyo yekutanga GaP uye GaAsP homojunction dzvuku, yero, uye girinhi yakaderera inopenya inopenya ma LEDs muma1970s akaiswa kune zviratidzo mwenje, dijitari uye zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, LED yakatanga kupinda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, kusanganisira aerospace, ndege, mota, maindasitiri ekushandisa, kutaurirana, zvigadzirwa zvevatengi, nezvimwewo, zvichifukidza zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi hwenyika uye zviuru zvemhuri. Pakazosvika 1996, kutengesa kwe LED pasi rose kwakanga kwasvika mabhiriyoni emadhora. Kunyange zvazvo ma LED ave akaganhurirwa neruvara uye kupenya kwakanaka kwemakore akawanda, GaP neGaAsLEDs dzakafarirwa nevashandisi nekuda kwehupenyu hwavo hurefu, kuvimbika kwepamusoro, kuderera kwekushanda ikozvino, kuenderana neTTL neCMOS digital circuits, nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakanaka.
Mumakore gumi apfuura, kupenya kwepamusoro uye yakazara-ruvara yanga ichicheka-kumucheto misoro mukutsvagisa kwezvinhu zve LED uye tekinoroji yemidziyo. Ultra yakakwirira kupenya (UHB) inoreva LED ine kupenya kwakanyanya kwe100mcd kana kupfuura, inozivikanwawo seCandela (cd) level LED. Iko kufambira mberi kwekupenya kwepamusoro A1GaInP uye InGaNFED inokurumidza, uye yasvika padanho rekuita izvo zvakajairwa zvinhu GaA1As, GaAsP, uye GaP hazvigone kuwana. Muna 1991, Toshiba wekuJapan uye HP wekuUnited States vakagadzira InGaA1P620nm orenji yekupedzisira-yakakwirira kupenya kwe LED, uye muna 1992, InGaA1P590nm yero yekupedzisira-yakakwirira kupenya kwe LED yakaiswa mukushandiswa kunoshanda. Mugore rimwe chetero, Toshiba akagadzira InGaA1P573nm yero yegirini yekupedzisira-yakakwirira kupenya LED ine yakajairika mwenje kusimba kwe2cd. Muna 1994, Nichia Corporation yekuJapan yakagadzira InGaN450nm yebhuruu (girinhi) yakanyanya kupenya kupenya kwe LED. Panguva ino, mavara matatu ekutanga anodiwa pakuratidzira kweruvara, tsvuku, girinhi, bhuruu, pamwe neorenji neyero maLED, ese asvika paCandela level inopenya kusimba, achiwana kupenya kwepamusoro-soro uye kuratidzwa kwemavara akazara, zvichiita kuti kunze kuzere- kuratidzwa kweruvara kwemachubhu emwenje-emitting chinhu chaicho. Kubudirira kwe LED munyika yedu kwakatanga muma1970, uye indasitiri yakabuda muma1980. Kune anopfuura zana emabhizinesi munyika yese, aine makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana evagadziri vanoita basa rekugadzira post kurongedza, uye anenge ese machipisi anodiwa anotengeswa kubva kunze kwenyika. Kuburikidza akati wandei "Makore Mashanu Zvirongwa" zveshanduko yetekinoroji, kubudirira kwehunyanzvi, kuunzwa kwemidziyo yepamberi uye mamwe matekinoroji akakosha, tekinoroji yekugadzira LED yeChina yatora danho remberi.

1, Kuita kweyekupedzisira-yakakwirira kupenya LED:
Kana ichienzaniswa neGaAsP GaPLED, yakanyanya kupenya yakatsvuka A1GaAsLED ine hunyanzvi hwekupenya kwepamusoro, uye kupenya kwakajeka kweyakajeka yakaderera musiyano (TS) A1GaAsLED (640nm) iri pedyo ne10lm/w, iyo yakakura kagumi kupfuura iyo yeGaAsP tsvuku GaPLED. Iko kupenya kwepamusoro-soro InGaAlPLED inopa iwo mavara akafanana neGaAsP GaPLED, anosanganisira: yegirinhi yero (560nm), yakasvibira yero (570nm), yero (585nm), yero (590nm), orenji (605nm), uye yakatsvuka (625nm). , tsvuku yakadzika (640nm)). Tichienzanisa nekupenya kwakanaka kwepachena substrate A1GaInPLED nezvimwe zvimiro zve LED uye incandescent mwenje masosi, kupenya kunoshanda kweInGaAlPLED kunotora substrate (AS) i101m/w, uye kupenya kwakanaka kwe transparent substrate (TS) i201m/w, iyo iri gumi. -20 nguva yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yeGaAsP GaPLED muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwe590-626nm; Mune wavelength renji ye560-570, iri 2-4 nguva yakakwira kupfuura GaAsP GaPLED. Kupenya kwepamusoro-soro InGaNFED inopa chiedza chebhuruu uye chegirini, ine wavelength range ye450-480nm yebhuruu, 500nm yebhuruu-girinhi, uye 520nm yegirinhi; Kubudirira kwayo kunopenya ndeye 3-151m/w. Ikozvino kupenya kwemagetsi e-ultra-high kupenya kwe LED kwakapfuura kwemarambi e-incandescent ane mafirita, uye anogona kutsiva mwenje weincandescent nesimba risingasviki 1 watt. Uyezve, ma LED arrays anogona kutsiva mwenje incandescent nesimba risingasviki 150 watts. Kune akawanda maapplication, ma-incandescent bulbs anoshandisa mafirita kuwana dzvuku, orenji, girini, uye bhuruu mavara, nepo uchishandisa ekupedzisira-yepamusoro kupenya maLED anogona kuwana iwo mavara akafanana. Mumakore achangopfuura, ekupedzisira-yepamusoro kupenya ma LED akagadzirwa neAlGaInP uye InGaN zvinhu akabatanidza akawanda (tsvuku, bhuruu, girinhi) ekupedzisira-yepamusoro kupenya kwe LED machipisi pamwechete, achibvumira kune akasiyana mavara pasina kudiwa kwemafirita. Kusanganisira tsvuku, orenji, yero, yegirini, uye yebhuruu, kugona kwavo kupenya kwakapfuura kwemarambi e-incandescent uye iri pedyo neiyo yemwenje yefluorescent yekumberi. Kupenya kunopenya kwapfuura 1000mcd, iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekunze-yese-mamiriro ekunze uye yakazara-ruvara kuratidza. Iyo LED color yakakura skrini inogona kumiririra denga negungwa, uye kuwana 3D animation. Chizvarwa chitsva chezvitsvuku, girini, uye bhuruu ultra-high kupenya ma LEDs chakawana zvisati zvamboitika

2, Kushandiswa kwe-ultra-high kupenya kwe LED:
Chiratidzo chechiratidzo chemota: Chiratidzo chemotokari chiri kunze kwemotokari kunyanya mwenje wekutungamira, taillights, uye mabhureki mwenje; Iko mukati memotokari inonyanya kushanda sechiedza uye kuratidza kune zvakasiyana-siyana zviridzwa. Ultra yakakwirira kupenya kwe LED ine akawanda mabhenefiti kana achienzaniswa neachinyakare incandescent marambi emotokari chiratidzo mwenje, uye ine musika wakakura muindasitiri yemotokari. Ma LED anogona kumirisana nekuvhunduka kwakasimba kwemagetsi uye kudengenyeka. Avhareji yehupenyu hwekushanda MTBF ye LED mabhureki mwenje maodha akati wandei ehukuru akakwira kupfuura ayo eincandescent bulbs, anopfuura kure hupenyu hwekushanda hwemotokari pachayo. Naizvozvo, mabhureki mwenje e LED anogona kuiswa sese pasina kufunga nezvekugadzirisa. Transparent substrate Al GaAs neAlInGaPLED zvine hunyanzvi hwekupenya kwakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nemwenje incandescent ine mafirita, ichibvumira mabhureki e LED uye masaini masaini kuti ashande pane yakaderera kutyaira currents, kazhinji chete 1/4 chete incandescent bulbs, nokudaro kuderedza chinhambwe chinogona kufamba nemotokari. Simba remagetsi rezasi rinogonawo kuderedza vhoriyamu uye huremu hwemukati wiring system, ukuwo ichideredza kupisa kwemukati kukwira kweakasanganiswa masaini emwenje e LED, achibvumira kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki ane yakaderera tembiricha kuramba kwema lenses uye dzimba. Nguva yekupindura ye LED brake lights ndeye 100ns, iyo ipfupi pane iyo yemwenje incandescent, ichisiya yakawanda yekupindura nguva yevatyairi uye nekuvandudza kutyaira kuchengetedza. Kuvhenekera uye ruvara rwekunze kwechiratidzo marambi emotokari zvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka. Kunyangwe iyo mukati mekuratidzira mwenje yemotokari isingadzorwe nemadhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera semarambi ekunze emagetsi, vagadziri vemotokari vane zvinodiwa zveruvara uye kuvhenekera kwe LED. GaPLED yagara ichishandiswa mumotokari, uye kupenya kwepamusoro-soro AlGaInP neInGaNFED ichatsiva mamwe magirobhu eincandescent mumotokari nekuda kwekugona kwavo kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevagadziri maererano neruvara uye kupenya. Kubva pamaonero emutengo, kunyange zvazvo magetsi e LED achiri kudhura kana achienzaniswa nemagetsi e-incandescent, hapana mutsauko mukuru wemutengo pakati pezvirongwa zviviri zvakazara. Nekuvandudzwa kunoshanda kwekupenya kwepamusoro-soro TSAlGaAs uye AlGaInP LEDs, mitengo yagara ichidzikira mumakore achangopfuura, uye ukuru hwekudzikira huchawedzera mune ramangwana.

Chiratidzo chetraffic chiratidzo: Kushandisa ma-ultra-high kupenya ma LED panzvimbo yemarambi e-incandescent emarambi emagetsi emigwagwa, magetsi ekunyevera, uye zviratidzo zvezviratidzo zvakapararira pasi rose, nemusika wakafara uye kudiwa kuri kukurumidza kukura. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzakabva kubazi rezvekutakurwa reUnited States muna 1994, kwaive ne260000 mharadzano muUnited States uko kwakaiswa masaini emigwagwa, uye mharadzano imwe neimwe inofanira kunge iine masaini gumi nemaviri emigwagwa matsvuku, yero, uye yegirinhi. Mharadzano zhinji dzinewo mamwe masaini ekuchinja uye marambi eyambiro evanofamba netsoka pakuyambuka mugwagwa. Nenzira iyi, panogona kunge paine marobhoti makumi maviri pamharadzano imwe neimwe, uye anofanirwa kuvheneka panguva imwe chete. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kune angangoita 135 miriyoni marambi emigwagwa muUnited States. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwe-ultra-high kupenya kwe LED kutsiva mwenje wechinyakare incandescent yakawana mhedzisiro yakakosha mukuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi. Japan inoshandisa miriyoni imwe kilowatts emagetsi pagore pamarobhoti, uye mushure mekutsiva magirobhu e-incandescent ne-ultra-high kupenya ma LED, kushandiswa kwayo kwemagetsi kunongova 12% yepakutanga.
Zviremera zvine hunyanzvi zvenyika imwe neimwe zvinofanirwa kumisa mirau inoenderana yemarambi etrafiki, ichitsanangura ruvara rwechiratidzo, kushomeka kwekuvhenekesa, kugovera nzvimbo yedanda, uye zvinodiwa zvenzvimbo yekuisa. Kunyangwe izvi zvinodikanwa zvichibva pane incandescent bulbs, zvinowanzo shanda kune ikozvino anoshandiswa ekupedzisira-yepamusoro kupenya kwe LED traffic chiratidzo mwenje. Kuenzaniswa nemarambi e-incandescent, marambi emagetsi e LED ane hupenyu hurefu hwekushanda, kazhinji kusvika kumakore gumi. Tichifunga nezvekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunze, hupenyu hunotarisirwa hunofanirwa kudzikiswa kusvika pamakore mashanu kusvika matanhatu. Parizvino, kupenya kwepamusoro-kwepamusoro AlGaInP tsvuku, orenji, uye yero maLED akagadzirwa maindasitiri uye haana kudhura. Kana ma modules anoumbwa neatsvuku ekupedzisira-akakwirira kupenya ma LED akashandiswa kutsiva echinyakare tsvuku incandescent traffic chiratidzo misoro, kukanganisa kwekuchengetedza kunokonzerwa nekutadza kungoerekana kwaitika kwemwenje tsvuku incandescent inogona kudzikiswa. Iyo yakajairika LED traffic chiratidzo module ine akati wandei seti yeakabatana mwenje we LED. Tichitora 12 inch red LED traffic signal module semuenzaniso, mu 3-9 seti dzemwenje dze LED dzakabatana, nhamba yeakabatana mwenje ye LED mune imwe neimwe seti ndeye 70-75 (iyo yakazara 210-675 LED mwenje). Kana chiedza chimwe chete che LED chikakundikana, chinongokanganisa imwe seti yezviratidzo, uye seti dzakasara dzichaderedzwa kusvika 2/3 (67%) kana 8/9 (89%) yepakutanga, pasina kuita kuti musoro wese wechiratidzo utadze. semwenje we incandescent.
Dambudziko guru ne LED traffic signal modules nderekuti mutengo wekugadzira uchiri wakakwira. Kutora iyo 12 inch TS AlGaAs tsvuku LED traffic chiratidzo module semuenzaniso, yakatanga kushandiswa muna 1994 pamutengo wemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu. Pakazosvika 1996, iyo 12 inch AlGaInP LED traffic chiratidzo module ine kuita zvirinani yaive nemutengo wemadhora mazana maviri.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera, mutengo weInGaN blue-green LED traffic signal modules uchaenzaniswa neAlGaInP. Kunyangwe mutengo we incandescent traffic chiratidzo misoro yakaderera, ivo vanodya yakawanda magetsi. Simba rekushandisa re 12 inch diameter incandescent traffic signal head is 150W, uye simba rekushandisa renyevero yemwenje inoyambuka mugwagwa nemugwagwa i67W. Maererano nekuverenga, kushandiswa kwegore negore kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi pane imwe neimwe nzira ndeye 18133KWh, yakaenzana nebhadharo yegore negore ye $ 1450; Nekudaro, ma LED traffic chiratidzo modules ane simba-anoshanda, neimwe 8-12 inch tsvuku LED traffic chiratidzo module inodya 15W uye 20W yemagetsi zvichiteerana. Iwo ma LED masaini pamharadzano anogona kuratidzwa nemiseve switch, ine simba rekushandisa re 9W chete. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga, mharadzano yega yega inogona kuchengetedza 9916KWh yemagetsi pagore, zvakaenzana nekuchengetedza $793 mumabhiri emagetsi pagore. Zvichienderana neavhareji mutengo we $ 200 pa LED traffic chiratidzo module, iyo tsvuku LED traffic chiratidzo module inogona kudzoreredza mutengo wayo wekutanga mushure memakore matatu uchishandisa chete magetsi akachengetwa, uye kutanga kugamuchira inoenderera hupfumi inodzoka. Nokudaro, ikozvino kushandisa AlGaInLED traffic information modules, kunyange zvazvo mari yacho ingaratidzika yakakwirira, ichiri kudhura-inoshanda munguva refu.