Generation mechanism of static magetsi

Kazhinji, static magetsi anogadzirwa nekuda kwekukweshana kana induction.

Frictional static magetsi inogadzirwa nekufamba kwemachaji emagetsi anogadzirwa panguva yekusangana, kupokana, kana kupatsanurwa pakati pezvinhu zviviri. Iyo static magetsi inosiiwa nekukweshana pakati pemakondakita kazhinji haina kusimba, nekuda kweiyo yakasimba conductivity yemakondukita. Ioni dzinogadzirwa nekukwesha dzinokurumidza kufamba pamwe chete uye kudzikira panguva uye pakupera kwekukwenya. Mushure mekupokana kweiyo insulator, yakakwira electrostatic voltage inogona kugadzirwa, asi huwandu hwekuchaja hudiki kwazvo. Izvi zvinogadziriswa nechimiro chemuviri che insulator pachayo. Muchimiro che molecular ye insulator, zvinonetsa kuti ma electrons afambe akasununguka kubva pakusunga kwe atomic nucleus, saka kukweshana kunoguma nekungoita shoma shoma ye ma molecular kana atomic ionization.

Inductive static magetsi inzvimbo yemagetsi inoumbwa nekufamba kwemaerekitironi muchinhu chiri pasi pechiito chemunda wemagetsi kana chinhu chiri mundima yemagetsi. Inductive static magetsi inogona kugadzirwa chete pamakondakita. Mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yemagetsi emagetsi minda pane insulators inogona kufuratirwa.

Electrostatic discharge mechanism

Chii chikonzero nei 220V mains magetsi anogona kuuraya vanhu, asi zviuru zvevolts pavanhu hazvigone kuvauraya? Iyo voltage pane capacitor inosangana neinotevera fomula: U=Q/C. Zvinoenderana neformula iyi, kana iyo capacitance idiki uye huwandu hwekuchaja hudiki, yakakwira voltage inogadzirwa. “Kazhinji, kugona kwemiviri yedu nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza kudiki kwazvo. Kana chaja yemagetsi yagadzirwa, chitsama chidiki chechaji yemagetsi inogonawo kuunza simba rakakwirira. ". Pamusana pehuwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi, kana uchibvisa, ikozvino yakagadzirwa iduku zvikuru, uye nguva ipfupi zvikuru. Iyo voltage haigone kuchengetedzwa, uye ikozvino inodonha munguva pfupi pfupi. "Nekuda kwekuti muviri wemunhu hausi insulator, iyo static charges inounganidzwa mumuviri wese, kana paine nzira yekubuda, inoungana. Naizvozvo, zvinoita sekunge ikozvino yakakwira uye pane pfungwa yekuvhunduka kwemagetsi. ”. Mushure mekunge magetsi emagetsi agadzirwa mumakondukita akadai semiviri yevanhu uye zvinhu zvesimbi, iyo yekuburitsa ikozvino ichave yakakura.

Kune zvigadzirwa zvine zvakanaka zvekudzivirira zvivakwa, imwe ndeyekuti huwandu hwechaji yemagetsi inogadzirwa idiki kwazvo, uye imwe yacho ndeyekuti iyo inogadzirwa magetsi inonetsa kuyerera. Kunyangwe iyo voltage yakakwira, kana paine nzira yekuburitsa kumwe kunhu, kubhadharisa chete panzvimbo yekusangana uye mukati mechikamu chidiki chiri padyo chinogona kuyerera nekubuda, nepo kubhadharisa panzvimbo yekusasangana hakugone kubuda. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe nevoltage yemakumi ezviuru zvevolts, iyo yekuburitsa simba hainawo hanya.

Njodzi dzesimba remagetsi kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi

Simba remagetsi rinogona kukuvadzaLEDs, kwete chete LED yakasarudzika "patent", asiwo inowanzoshandiswa diodes uye transistors akagadzirwa nesilicon zvinhu. Kunyangwe zvivakwa, miti, uye mhuka zvinogona kukuvadzwa nemagetsi akamira (mheni imhando yemagetsi akamira, uye hatingazvifungire pano).

Saka, static magetsi anokuvadza sei zvinhu zvemagetsi? Ini handidi kuenda kure, kungotaura nezve semiconductor zvishandiso, asi zvakare inogumira kune diode, transistors, ICs, uye LEDs.

Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemagetsi kune semiconductor zvikamu pakupedzisira kunosanganisira ikozvino. Pasi pechiito chemagetsi emagetsi, chigadzirwa chacho chakakuvadzwa nekuda kwekupisa. Kana pane ikozvino, panofanira kuva nemagetsi. Zvakadaro, semiconductor diodes ane PN junctions, ane voltage renji inovharira ikozvino kumberi nekudzokera kumashure. Iyo yekumberi inogona kuvharira yakadzikira, nepo reverse inogona kuvharira yakakwira zvakanyanya. Mudunhu, uko kushorwa kwakakwira, iyo voltage inoiswa. Asi kune ma LED, kana magetsi akaiswa kumberi kune LED, kana magetsi ekunze ari pasi pechikumbaridzo voltage ye diode (inoenderana neiyo zvinhu bhendi gap upamhi), hapana kumberi ikozvino, uye magetsi ese anoshandiswa kune. iyo PN junction. Kana magetsi akaiswa ku LED kumashure, kana magetsi ekunze ari mashoma pane reverse breakdown voltage ye LED, magetsi anoshandiswawo kuPN junction zvachose. Panguva ino, hapana kudonha kwevoltage mune ingave yakashata solder joint ye LED, bracket, P nharaunda, kana N nharaunda! Nekuti hapana ikozvino. Mushure mokunge PN junction yaputsika, magetsi ekunze anogoverwa nevose vanopikisa padunhu. Ikoko kupikisa kwakakwirira, magetsi anotakurwa nechikamu akakwirira. Nezve ma LED, ndezvemuzvarirwo kuti iyo PN junction inotakura yakawanda yemagetsi. Simba rinopisa rinogadzirwa paPN junction ndiyo kudonha kwevoltage pairi yakapetwa neukoshi hwazvino. Kana kukosha kwezvino kusingagumi, kupisa kwakanyanya kunopisa PN junction, iyo icharasikirwa nebasa rayo uye inopinda mukati.

Sei maICs achitya magetsi akamira? Nokuti nzvimbo yechikamu chimwe nechimwe muIC idiki, iyo parasitic capacitance yechikamu chimwe nechimwe zvakare idiki kwazvo (kazhinji basa redunhu rinoda diki parasitic capacitance). Naizvozvo, shoma shoma yekuchaja yemagetsi inoburitsa yakakwira magetsi emagetsi, uye kushivirira kwesimba kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kazhinji kudiki kwazvo, saka kubuda kwemagetsi kunogona kukuvadza IC zviri nyore. Nekudaro, zvakajairwa zvakajairwa zvikamu, zvakaita seakajairwa madiki emagetsi diode uye madiki emagetsi transistors, haanyanyotya magetsi akamira, nekuti nzvimbo yavo yechip yakakura uye simba ravo reparasitic rakakura, uye hazvisi nyore kuunganidza mavolts akakwira pa. ivo mune zvakajairika static marongero. Yakaderera simba MOS transistors inotarirwa kukuvadzwa kwemagetsi nekuda kwegedhi rakatetepa oxide layer uye diki parasitic capacitance. Ivo vanowanzosiya fekitori mushure mekupfupi-kutenderera iwo ma electrode matatu mushure mekurongedza. Mukushandiswa, zvinowanzodiwa kuti ubvise nzira pfupi mushure mekunge welding yapera. Nekuda kweiyo hombe chip nzvimbo yeakakwira-simba MOS transistors, akajairwa static magetsi haazovakuvadza. Saka iwe uchaona kuti matatu emagetsi emagetsi MOS transistors haana kuchengetedzwa nemapfupi maseketi (vagadziri vekutanga vachiri mapfupi akavatenderedza vasati vabva mufekitori).

Iyo LED ine diode, uye nzvimbo yayo yakakura kwazvo maererano nechikamu chimwe nechimwe mukati meIC. Nokudaro, iyo parasitic capacitance ye LEDs yakakura. Naizvozvo, static magetsi mumamiriro ezvinhu haagone kukuvadza ma LED.

Electrostatic magetsi mune zvakajairika, kunyanya pane insulators, inogona kuve yakakwira voltage, asi huwandu hwekuchaja idiki zvakanyanya, uye nguva yekuburitsa ikozvino ipfupi. Iyo voltage yeelectrostatic charge inokonzeresa pane conductor inogona kunge isiri yakanyanya kukwirira, asi yekuburitsa ikozvino inogona kunge yakakura uye kazhinji ichienderera. Izvi zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.

Sei static magetsi achikuvadzaLED chipshazviwanzo kuitika

Ngatitange nechiitiko chekuedza. Isimbi yesimbi ndiro inotakura 500V static magetsi. Isa LED pane ndiro yesimbi (teerera kune nzira yekuisa kuti udzivise matambudziko anotevera). Iwe unofunga kuti LED ichakuvadzwa here? Pano, kukuvadza LED, kazhinji inofanirwa kuiswa nevoltage yakakura kudarika voltage yayo yekuparara, izvo zvinoreva kuti ese maelectrode e LED anofanirwa kubata simbi ndiro uye ave nevoltage yakakura kudarika voltage yekuputsika. Sezvo simbi yesimbi iri conductor yakanaka, iyo induced voltage mhiri kwairi yakaenzana, uye iyo inonzi 500V voltage inoenderana nepasi. Naizvozvo, hapana voltage pakati pema electrode maviri eiyo LED, uye zvakasikwa hapazove nekukuvadzwa. Kunze kwekunge wabata rimwe electrode re LED nendiro yesimbi, wobatanidza rimwe electrode neconductor (ruoko kana waya isina insulating girovhosi) pasi kana mamwe maconductor.

Chiitiko chekuedza chiri pamusoro apa chinotiyeuchidza kuti kana LED iri munzvimbo ye electrostatic, electrode imwe inofanira kubata muviri we electrostatic, uye imwe electrode inofanira kubata pasi kana mamwe ma conductor isati yakuvadzwa. Mukugadzirwa chaiko uye kushandiswa, nehukuru hudiki hwema LEDs, pane kashoma mukana wekuti zvinhu zvakadaro zviitike, kunyanya mumabhechi. Zviitiko zvetsaona zvinogoneka. Semuenzaniso, LED iri pane electrostatic body, uye imwe electrode inobata muviri we electrostatic, nepo imwe electrode ichangomiswa. Panguva ino, mumwe munhu anobata iyo yakamiswa electrode, iyo inogona kukuvadza iyoChiedza che LED.

Chiitiko chiri pamusoro apa chinotiudza kuti matambudziko emagetsi haagone kufuratirwa. Electrostatic discharge inoda conductive circuit, uye hapana kukuvadza kana paine static magetsi. Kana ichingove shoma shoma yekudonha inoitika, dambudziko retsaona yekukuvara kwemagetsi rinogona kutariswa. Kana ikaitika muhuwandu hukuru, inowanzova dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwechip kana kushungurudzika.