Mangani emasaenzi ekuyera anodiwa kuenzanisa mwenje we LED? Kune vaongorori veNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) muUnited States, nhamba iyi hafu yezvayaive masvondo mashoma apfuura. Muna Chikumi, NIST yakatanga kupa nekukurumidza, kwakaringana, uye nekuchengetedza-yekuchengetedza masevhisi ekuongorora kupenya kwemwenje we LED uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba-nyika zvigadzirwa zvemwenje. Vatengi vesevhisi iyi vanosanganisira vagadziri vemwenje ye LED uye mamwe macalibration marabhoritari. Semuyenzaniso, rambi rakarukwa rinogona kuona kuti 60 watt yakaenzana girobhu re LED murambi redhesiki rakaenzana ne60 watts, kana kuona kuti mutyairi wendege yekurwira ane mwenje wakakodzera.

Vagadziri ve LED vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mwenje yavanogadzira inopenya semagadzirirwo avakaitwa. Kuti uite izvi, gadzirisa marambi aya nephotometer, chiri chishandiso chinokwanisa kuyera kupenya pamawavelengths ese uchifunga nezvekunzwa kwechisikigo kweziso remunhu kune mavara akasiyana. Kwemakumi emakore, NIST's photometric laboratory yanga ichisangana nezvido zveindasitiri nekupa kupenya kwe LED uye mafotometric calibration masevhisi. Iyi sevhisi inosanganisira kuyera kupenya kwemutengi LED uye mamwe marambi akasimba-mamiriro, pamwe nekugadzirisa mutengi wega photometer. Kusvika pari zvino, Rabhoritari yeNIST yanga ichiyera kupenya kwegirobhu nekusava nechokwadi kwakadzikira, paine chikanganiso chiri pakati pe0.5% ne1.0%, inofananidzwa nemasevhisi ekugadzirisa zvinhu.
Zvino, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwerabhoritari, Chikwata cheNIST chakawedzera kusavimbika uku zvakapetwa katatu kusvika pa0.2% kana kudzika. Kubudirira uku kunoita kuti kupenya kutsva kwe LED uye photometer calibration sevhisi ive imwe yeakanakisa munyika. Masayendisiti akatapudzawo zvakanyanya nguva yekuenzanisa. Mune masisitimu ekare, kuita calibration kune vatengi kwaizotora rinenge zuva rose. NIST muongorori Cameron Miller akataura kuti rakawanda rebasa rinoshandiswa kumisikidza kuyerwa kwega kwega, kutsiva mwenje masosi kana ma detectors, nemaoko kutarisa chinhambwe pakati pezviviri izvi, uyezve kugadzirisa midziyo yeyero inotevera.
Asi ikozvino, rabhoritari ine maviri otomatiki emidziyo matafura, imwe yemwenje sosi uye imwe ye detector. Tafura inofamba pane track system uye inoisa detector chero kubva 0 kusvika 5 metres kure nechiedza. Chinhambwe chinogona kudzorwa mukati mezvikamu makumi mashanu pamiriyoni imwe yemamita (micrometer), iyo inenge hafu yehupamhi hwebvudzi remunhu. Zong naMiller vanogona kuronga matafura kuti aenderane kune mumwe nemumwe pasina kudiwa kwekuenderera mberi kwevanhu kupindira. Yaimbotora zuva, asi ikozvino inogona kupedzwa mukati memaawa mashoma. Hazvichadi kutsiva chero midziyo, zvese zviri pano uye zvinogona kushandiswa chero nguva, zvichipa vaongorori rusununguko rwakawanda rwekuita zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete nekuti yakanyatso automated.
Unogona kudzokera kuhofisi kunoita rimwe basa richiri kushanda. Vatsvagiri veNIST vanofanotaura kuti hwaro hwevatengi huchawedzera sezvo marabhoritari yakawedzera akati wandei mamwe maficha. Semuyenzaniso, mudziyo mutsva unokwanisa kuenzanisa makamera e hyperspectral, ayo anoyera kureba kwakawanda kudarika makamera akajairwa anongotora mavara matatu kusvika mana. Kubva pakufungidzira kwekurapa kusvika pakuongorora satellite mifananidzo yePasi, hyperspectral makamera ari kuwedzera mukurumbira. Ruzivo rwunopihwa nespace-based hyperspectral makamera nezve mamiriro ekunze ePasi uye zvinomera zvinogonesa masayendisiti kufanotaura nzara nemafashamo, uye anogona kubatsira nharaunda mukuronga rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira uye njodzi. Iyo rabhoritari nyowani inogona zvakare kuita kuti zvive nyore uye zvakanyanya kushanda kuti vaongorori vakwanise kuenzanisa maratidziro e-smartphone, pamwe neTV nemakomputa kuratidza.

Chinhambwe chakarurama
Kuenzanisa photometer yemutengi, Masayendisiti kuNIST anoshandisa mwenje webroadband kuvhenekera ma detector, ayo anenge ari mwenje chena ine mawavelength akawanda (mavara), uye kupenya kwayo kunonyatsojeka nekuti kuyerwa kunoitwa uchishandisa NIST yakajairwa mafotomita. Kusiyana nemalaser, rudzi urwu rwemwenje chena haruna kurongeka, zvinoreva kuti mwenje wese weakasiyana wavelengths hauna kuwiriraniswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kune kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka, vaongorori vachashandisa tunable lasers kugadzira mwenje ine controllable wavelengths, zvekuti imwe chete wavelength yechiedza inovhenekerwa pane detector panguva. Iko kushandiswa kwe tunable lasers kunowedzera chiratidzo-ku-ruzha chiyero chechiyero.
Nekudaro, munguva yakapfuura, tunable lasers yaisagona kushandiswa kuenzanisa mafotometer nekuti imwe wavelength lasers yaipindira pachayo nenzira yakawedzera huwandu hwakasiyana hweruzha kuchiratidzo zvichienderana newavelength yakashandiswa. Sechikamu chekuvandudza marabhoritari, Zong yakagadzira yakasarudzika photometer dhizaini inoderedza ruzha urwu kusvika padanho risingaite. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa tunable lasers kekutanga kuenzanisa mafotometer nekusagadzikana kudiki. Iyo yekuwedzera bhenefiti yedhizaini nyowani ndeyekuti inoita kuti michina yekuvhenekesa kuve nyore kuchenesa, sezvo yakanakisa aperture ikozvino yakachengetedzwa kuseri kwegirazi rakavharwa hwindo. Kupimwa kwesimba kunoda ruzivo rwechokwadi rwekuti detector iri kure zvakadii kubva patsime rechiedza.
Kusvika parizvino, semamwe marabhoritari mazhinji ephotometry, Rabhoritari yeNIST haisati yava nepamusoro-soro nzira yekuyera chinhambwe ichi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuvhura kwe detector, kuburikidza nekuunganidza mwenje, kwakanyanyisa kubatwa nemudziyo wekuyeresa. Mhinduro yakajairika ndeyokuti vatsvakurudzi vatange vayera kupenya kwechiedza uye kuvhenekera nzvimbo ine imwe nzvimbo. Zvadaro, shandisa ruzivo urwu kuona madaro aya uchishandisa inverse square law, iyo inotsanangura kuti kusimba kwechiedza chechiedza kunoderera sei nekuwedzera chinhambwe. Iyi nhanho-nhanho mbiri haisi nyore kushandisa uye inounza kumwe kusava nechokwadi. Nehurongwa hutsva, timu ikozvino inogona kusiya inverse square nzira uye kuona zvakananga kureba.
Iyi nzira inoshandisa microscope yakavakirwa kamera, ine maikorosikopu yakagara padanho rechiedza uye yakatarisa pane zvinzvimbo padanho re detector. Yechipiri maikorosikopu iri pane detector workbench uye inotarisa pane zvinzvimbo zvinomaka pane light source workbench. Sarudza chinhambwe nekugadzirisa aperture ye detector uye nzvimbo yechiedza chinobva kune kutarisa kwema microscopes avo. Maikorosikopu vanonzwa zvakanyanya pakudonhedza pfungwa, uye vanogona kuziva kunyange mamicrometer mashoma kure. Kuyera kutsva kwechinhambwe kunoitawo kuti vatsvakurudzi vayere "kusimba kwechokwadi" kwe LEDs, inova nhamba yakasiyana inoratidza kuti huwandu hwechiedza chinobudiswa ne LEDs chakasununguka kubva kure.
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvitsva izvi, masayendisiti eNIST akawedzerawo zvimwe zviridzwa, zvakaita semudziyo unonzi goniometer unokwanisa kutenderedza mwenje we LED kuyera kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chinobudiswa pamakona akasiyana. Mumwedzi iri kuuya, Miller naZong vanotarisira kushandisa spectrophotometer yebasa idzva: kuyera ultraviolet (UV) kubuda kwe LEDs. Iko kushandiswa kunokwanisa kwe LED kugadzira ultraviolet rays kunosanganisira chikafu chinopisa kuti chiwedzere hupenyu hwayo, pamwe nekuuraya hutachiona hwemvura nemidziyo yekurapa. Sechinyakare, kuvhenekesa kwemagetsi kunoshandisa ultraviolet mwenje unoburitswa ne mercury vapor marambi.